Focus groups must be conducted face to face or by phone.

Focus groups must be conducted face to face or by phone.

• A. True
• B. Online
• C. Face-to-face only
• D. False

Answer: (D)

Focus groups can be conducted in several formats, not just face-to-face or by phone. While traditional methods include in-person sessions and telephone groups, online formats are now common, using video conferencing, live chat, or even asynchronous discussion boards. The moderator guides the discussion and probes for insights just as in other formats, but the medium affects dynamics and participation. In-person sessions offer rich nonverbal cues; telephone sessions remove visuals but can be easier to arrange; online formats expand reach and reduce costs, though they may limit reading body language and require reliable technology. Therefore, the statement is false because online focus groups are a valid and widely used option.

Focus groups can be conducted in several formats, not just face-to-face or by phone. While traditional methods include in-person sessions and telephone groups, online formats are now common, using video conferencing, live chat, or even asynchronous discussion boards. The moderator guides the discussion and probes for insights just as in other formats, but the medium affects dynamics and participation. In-person sessions offer rich nonverbal cues; telephone sessions remove visuals but can be easier to arrange; online formats expand reach and reduce costs, though they may limit reading body language and require reliable technology. Therefore, the statement is false because online focus groups are a valid and widely used option.